شرح درس What Did You Do Last Week? Grammar اول متوسط الفصل الثاني

قبل يومين زار Hamad جدّه، وأكل معه الغداء، وعاد إلى بيته. هذه أحداث انتهت، ونحكيها بالماضي البسيط.

الفكرة

«الفاعل + الفعل في الماضي + باقي الجملة»

الإثبات: الأفعال المنتظمة

• نضيف ed: visit → visited، play → played، watch → watched، help → helped.
• إذا انتهى الفعل بـ e نضيف d فقط: live → lived، like → liked، arrive → arrived.
• إذا انتهى بحرف ساكن + y نحذف y ونضيف ied: study → studied، try → tried.
• إذا كان قصيرًا بحرف ساكن واحد بعد حرف علة نضاعف الحرف: stop → stopped، plan → planned.

الإثبات: الأفعال الشاذة

• go → went: We went to Taif.
• see → saw: I saw a big mountain.
• eat → ate: They ate rice and dates.
• have → had: We had lunch.
• buy → bought: She bought a gift.
• make → made: Mom made tea.
• take → took: He took photos.
• come → came: My cousin came to visit us.

النفي

• I didn't visit my uncle.: لم أزر عمي.
• She didn't go to school.: لم تذهب إلى المدرسة.
• We didn't eat at the restaurant.: لم نأكل في المطعم.
• They didn't see the match.: لم يشاهدوا المباراة.
• didn't = did not، ويأتي الفعل بعدها في شكله الأول.

السؤال والإجابة القصيرة

• Did you visit your uncle?: هل زرت عمك؟ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
• Did she cook lunch?: هل طبخت الغداء؟ Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
• Did they travel by car?: هل سافروا بالسيارة؟ Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
• What did you do last weekend?: ماذا فعلت في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع الماضية؟ I visited my aunt.
• Where did he go?: أين ذهب؟ He went to Jeddah.
• Who did you see?: من رأيت؟ I saw my friend.

أمثلة موسعة

• Yesterday I helped my mother and cooked dinner.
• Last night we watched a documentary about the sea.
• Two weeks ago my father traveled to Riyadh.
• My brother didn't play football last Friday, but he went swimming.
• Did you stay at your grandfather's house? Yes, I did.
• What did you buy at the market? I bought dates and honey.